Ecological and Economic Risks of Using Gasoline, Electric, Hybrid, and Hydrogen-Powered Vehicles

Abstract

The automotive industry, a cornerstone of economic development, faces significant transitions driven by stringent environmental regulations and technological advancements. This paper examines the economic and ecological risks of various vehicle propulsion systems, including gasoline, electrical, hybrid, and hydrogen drives. Gasoline engines, while economically stable, pose environmental and health challenges. Electric vehicles, supported by state incentives, have a growing market share but encounter issues related to infrastructure and high costs. Hybrid cars, blending gasoline and electric technologies, inherit risks from both systems. Despite their potential for clean energy, hydrogen-powered vehicles require substantial technological advancements and infrastructure investment. The analysis highlights the necessity for continuous research and development to mitigate these risks and leverage the benefits of each propulsion type. Although it is beneficial for reducing pollution, the shift towards electric and hydrogen vehicles must consider the entire lifecycle impact, from raw material extraction to vehicle use. The authors emphasize that the sharing economy, combined with the reorganization of public transportation, is the only permanent solution to air and environmental pollution problems. Other solutions, while helpful, are considered temporary and partial. Significant changes in transportation organization and vehicle use are essential to achieve sustainable development and effectively address urban traffic issues. By focusing on holistic and sustainable solutions, the automotive industry can navigate the challenges of transitioning to greener technologies while maintaining economic stability.