THE HSR AS AN INNOVATIVE AND ECOLOGICAL MODE OF TRANSPORT
Abstract
High-speed rails (HSR) connects major cities in developed countries, as listed in the table below. Internationally HSR is developed only in Europe, aiming at the use of trans-European transport network (TEN-T) to link all high-speed lines on the continent into a proper integrated European high-speed network. In terms of the economic development, it is considered that HSR redirects development from one area to another and as far as safety is concerned, most potential rail passengers accept aviation as a safer mode of transport. Another positive outcome is the provision of a better choice of travel mode for public transport users, who already have a lot of options represented by a low-cost bus, a fast plane or a personalized car trip. The general review proves, that besides discussing pros and cons, among which the huge investments, the lack of certainty in the future use of HSR there are positive signs of development. The new trends envisage HSR for freight as well passenger traffic. Still, there is a danger that newer technologies in transportation will boost forward in the time necessary to build a high-speed route. The question who will use the high-speed lines, when air travel provides the high speed, the self-driven cars allow for independent travels and public carriers provide Internet access and comfort to work on board remains.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Amtrack. (2016). The Amtrak Vision for the Northeast Corridor. Retrieved from NEC Vision: https://nec.amtrak.com/high-speed-rail
Baron, I., Campos, J., Gagnepain, P., Nash, C., Ulied, A., & Vickerman, R. (2009). Economic analysis of high speed rail. (Ginés de Rus, Ed.) Madrid, Spain: Fundacion BBVA - Rogar S.A. Retrieved from http://www.fbbva.es/TLFU/dat/inf_web_economic_analysis.pdf
Business. (2015, Jan 10). High-speed rail in Europe, Problems down the line, High-speed networks are spreading fast, but face rising competition. Retrieved from The Economist: http://www.economist.com/news/business/21638109-high-speed-networks-are-spreading-fast-face-rising-competition-problems-down-line
Coombs, M. (2014, Jan 28). High Speed Rail for Australia - a fast track to the future or just the same old pipe dream? Retrieved from Parliament of Australia: http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/FlagPost/Blog_Filter?filterId=c64a1faf-9caa-41df-9497-fa66430f7d12
David. (2013, Mar 11). A Review of Top High-Speed Rail Countries. Retrieved from Topforeignstock.com: http://topforeignstocks.com/2013/03/11/a-review-of-top-high-speed-rail-countries/
DB. (2016, Aug 02). The Intercity-Express (ICE). The fastest breed of Deutsche Bahn trains in Germany and Europe. Retrieved from DB: https://www.bahn.com/i/view/USA/en/trains/overview/ice.shtml
EC. (2010). High speed Europe, a sustainable link between citizens. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. doi:10.2768/17821
EC, & DGMT. (2011). Roadmap to a single European transport area : towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system. doi:10.2832/30955
Engdahl, S. (2015, Oct 01). The future of high-speed rail in Sweden. Retrieved from european railway review: http://www.europeanrailwayreview.com/24901/past-issues/issue-5-2015/the-future-of-high-speed-rail-in-sweden/
ERRAC. (2007, May). Strategic rail research and innovation agenda 2020. Retrieved from European Rail Research Advisory Council: http://demo.oxalis.be/errac/errac_website/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/SRRA-2007.pdf
European Commission. (2004). The Trans-European High-Speed Rail System - Guide for the Application of the high-speed TSIs of Council Directive 96/48/EC, Annex 1. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/transport/modes/rail/interoperability/doc/2003_high_speed_rail_tsi_guide_en.pdf
Feigenbaum, B. (2013, May). High-Speed Rail in Europe and Asia: Lessons for the United States. Retrieved from Reason: http://reason.org/files/high_speed_rail_lessons.pdf
Freemark, Y. (2014, Aug 13). Why Can't the United States Build a High-Speed Rail System? Retrieved from citylab: http://www.citylab.com/politics/2014/08/why-cant-the-united-states-build-a-high-speed-rail-system/375980/
Gray, J. (2013, July 03). The need for high-speed rail). Retrieved from World Finance: http://www.worldfinance.com/special-reports/the-need-for-high-speed-rail
Grey, E. (2015, July 09). Connecting Eurasia: mapping the myriad of high-speed rail routes. Retrieved from Railway-technology.com: http://www.railway-technology.com/features/featureconnecting-eurasia-mapping-the-myriad-of-high-speed-rail-routes-4593227/
High Speed Rail. (2014, Dec 08). Retrieved from Australian Government - The Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development: https://infrastructure.gov.au/rail/trains/high_speed/
High-speed rail in Russia. (2016, June 23). Retrieved from Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Russia
High-speed rail in the United States. (2016, Aug 27). Retrieved from Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_the_United_States
Hsu, C.-I., & Chung, W.-M. (1997, May). A model for market share distribution between high-speed and conventional rail services in a transportation corridor. The Annals of Regional Science, 31(2), 121-153. doi:10.1007/s001680050042
ITF. (2009). Competitive Interaction between Airports, Airlines and High-Speed Rail, Round table 145. ITF.
Johnston, H., & Pulling, N. (2007, Sep 03). Japanese Bullet Trains – 40 Years at the Forefront. Retrieved from railway-technology.com: http://www.railway-technology.com/features/feature1216/
List of high-speed railway lines. (2016, Aug 21). Retrieved from Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_high-speed_railway_lines
Moskovski, I. (2015, Nov 25). Resheno: Kupuvame visokoskorostni vlakove. Retrieved from Novinite.bg: http://novinite.bg/articles/102809/Resheno-Kupuvame-visokoskorostni-vlakove
Myths/Fact. (2016, Apr 20). Retrieved from High-speed rail works: http://highspeedrailworks.org/overview-2/myths-facts/
NTV. (2014). Bilancio dell'esercizio chiuso il 31/12/2013. Retrieved from Nuovo Transporto Viaggiatori: http://www.ntvspa.it/~/media/NtvSpa%20Image/ntvupload/utils/12012015_043940NTV%20Bilancio%202013%20ITA.pdf
rail.cc. (2016). TGV Alleo (Alleo) - Drance. Retrieved from rail.cc: https://en.rail.cc/train-type-country/tgv-alleo/sncf-alleo/172
Shukla, P., Pathak, M., Mittal, S., & Dhar, S. (2015). Scenarios and Roadmap for Intercity Transport in India: The Role of High Speed Rail. New Delhi, India: UNEP. Retrieved from http://www.unep.org/transport/lowcarbon/PDFs/Role_of_High_Speed_Rail_Final.pdf
Simeonova, L. (2016, Aug 17). Kitai zalaga na visoko-skorostnite zheleznitsi. Retrieved from Kitai dnes: http://www.kitajdnes.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=391:kitai-zalaga-na-visoko-skorostnite-zheleznitzi&catid=195:savremenen-kitai&Itemid=397〈=bg
TGV Lyria. (2016). Edavez-vous en Suisse en seulement 3 heures de train. Retrieved from TGV Lyria: http://www.tgv-lyria.com/fr
The Economist. (2015, Jan 10). High-speed rail in Europe, Problems down the line, High-speed networks are spreading fast, but face rising competition . Retrieved from The Economist: http://www.economist.com/news/business/21638109-high-speed-networks-are-spreading-fast-face-rising-competition-problems-down-line
UIC. (2016). High Speed. UIC. Retrieved from http://www.uic.org/highspeed
Vasileva, E. (2015, Jan 30). Visokoskorosten vlak shte svrzhe Istanbul s granitsata s Bulgariya. Retrieved from High speed train connecting Istanbul to the Bulgarian border, Dnes.bg, : http://www.dnes.bg/balkani/2015/01/30/visokoskorosten-vlak-shte-svyrje-istanbul-s-granicata-s-bylgariia.252934
Wang, B. (2015, Oct 29). China plans to triple high speed rail network to over 31000 miles and boost speed from 240 mph to 310 mph by 2020. Retrieved from netBIG Future: http://www.nextbigfuture.com/2015/10/china-plans-to-triple-high-speed-rail.html
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.