WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT IN ACTION: FROM PAST TO PRESENT

Sergii V. Dzholos, Oksana Koshulko

Abstract


The article presents the results of research concerning women’s empowerment from the past to the present. In the article, the places, and actions of women in the ancient world, in the Middle Ages and Modern period, in the late XIX - early XX century, as well as in the present time have been explored. The methodology of the research consisted of primary and secondary sources of information. The primary data consisted of field research, collected in some countries of Europe and Asia during 2014-2020, as well as the secondary data that have been collected from the books, chapters of books, articles, web resources, and previous studies by an author on this topic. Besides, some important issues concerning women’s empowerment in action in the present time have been analyzed. In conclusion, women’s empowerment develops because some of the issues on women do not solve in some countries, among the issues are violence against women in general and domestic violence.

Keywords


Women’s Empowerment, Women’s Role, Ancient World, Middle Ages, Modern Period

Full Text:

PDF

References


Burke, E. (1999). Reflections on the Revolution in France. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund.

Doramus, M. (1990). The Complete Hitler. A Digital Desktop Reference to His Speeches & Proclamations, 1932-1945. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, 532 p.

Dunn, J. (1993). Liberalism. In J. Dunn, Western Political Theory in the Face of the Future, 2nd eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 29-56.

Eckstein-Diener, B. (1932). Mütter und Amazone: ein Umriss weiblicher Reiche. Munich: Albert Langen, 305 p.

James, A. (2015). The Major Ideologies of Liberalism, Socialism, and Conservatism. Political Studies. Vol. 63, Issue 5, pp. 980-994.

Koshulko, O., & Makazan, E. (2020). Exploration of importance of the ratification of the Council of Europe Convention on Prevention of Violence against Women by the Ukrainian Government. The Technium Social Sciences Journal, Vol. 9, pp. 543-549, Romania.

Koshulko, O. (2020). Examination of women’s access to education and literacy in the framework of empowerment for women around the world. Azure Magazine. European Federation for UNESCO Clubs, Vol. 6, pp. 42-50, Bucharest, Romania.

Koshulko, O. (2021). The examination of women’s empowerment in Ukraine during two decades of the 21st century. Proceedings of the Central Slavic Virtual Conference, St. Louis, Missouri, United States, March 11-13.

Kristin, P. (2005). Choosing Childlessness: Weber's Typology of Action and Motives of the Voluntarily Childless. Sociological Inquiry. Blackwell Synergy. Vol. 75 (3), pp. 372-402. DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.2005.00127.x.

Lex Salica. (1880). Ten Texts with the Glosses, and the Lex Emendanta. Synoptically edited by J.H. Hessels. London: John Murray, Albemarle-street. Trübner & Co., Ludgate Hill.

Paletschek, S. (2001). Kinder, Küche, Kirche. In: Étienne François, Hagen Schulze (Hrsg.): Deutsche Erinnerungsorte. Bd. 2. Beck, München, pp. 419-433.

Plutarch. (1961). Moralia, Volume III: Sayings of Kings and Commanders. Sayings of Romans. Sayings of Spartans. The Ancient Customs of the Spartans. Sayings of Spartan Women. The bravery of Women. Translated by Frank Cole Babbitt. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann Ltd.

The Bible. (2005). The New Cambridge Paragraph Bible, with the Apocrypha, King James Version, ed. by David Norton. Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press.

The Gender-Equality Index. (2019). The Index score for European Union for 2019. https://cutt.ly/AfTMxuE

The Guardian. (2020). Women unite in a maverick attempt to unseat Lukashenko in Belarus. https://cutt.ly/KfTMmd1

The History of Herodotus. (1890). Translated into English by G.C. Macaulay in two volumes. London: MacMillan and Co. and New York, Vol. 1. pp. 334-336.

Vasak, K. (1977). Human Rights: A Thirty-Year Struggle: the Sustained Efforts to give Force of law to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, UNESCO Courier 30:11, Paris: United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization.

Water, S. (2020). Zijn er nu meer mensen die geen kinderen willen dan vroeger? Quest. https://cutt.ly/KfTMT8Y


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.